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	<title>A Blog of Thinking Allowed</title>
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	<description>A place for the contemplative thoughts of a philosopher.</description>
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		<title>Take the pledge!</title>
		<link>http://drjean.psychcentral.net/2010/09/01/take-the-pledge/</link>
		<comments>http://drjean.psychcentral.net/2010/09/01/take-the-pledge/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 01 Sep 2010 21:34:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>drjean</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[General Musings]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[charity pledge]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[faith]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[hope]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://drjean.psychcentral.net/?p=148</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[September 1, 2010 &#8211; 10:06 ET For the next 40 days and 40 nights, I pledge&#8230;I COVENANT to practice faith, hope and charity by doing these things. First&#8230;faith. I will pray on my knees every night for the next 40 nights&#8230;starting TONIGHT. Pray for guidance, inspiration, peace&#8230;pray for the leaders of our country. Pray for [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>September 1, 2010 &#8211; 10:06 ET</p>
<p>For the next 40 days and 40 nights, I pledge&#8230;I COVENANT to practice faith, hope and charity by doing these things.</p>
<p>First&#8230;faith. I will pray on my knees every night for the next 40 nights&#8230;starting TONIGHT. Pray for guidance, inspiration, peace&#8230;pray for the leaders of our country. Pray for their safety, and that they will receive wisdom. I will re-establish my relationship with God.</p>
<p>Hope&#8230;hope comes from truth. You can&#8217;t have hope based on lies. If you go to the doctor and you&#8217;re in the early stages of cancer, but the doctor tells you that you just have the sniffles&#8230;that&#8217;s false hope, and it won&#8217;t help you, in fact, it would kill you. So, we have to have honesty, to have real hope. So, I will stop all lies for the next 40 days. That includes lying to myself. I will establish a pattern of honesty and make it become habitual. I will question with boldness&#8230;everything&#8230;I will do my own research&#8230;and then pray for my own confirmation on the things I have learned. I will find out what is true in my life.</p>
<p>And third&#8230;I will have charity. Charity begins at home. I will do something kind for every member of your family at least once a week. I will write it down, and then do it. Also, I pledge to take notice of how blessed I really am. I live in the greatest country the world has ever known&#8230;and even the least prosperous among us, are among the wealthiest people in the world&#8230;I will be grateful.</p>
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		<title>Scriptural Behavior Therapy</title>
		<link>http://drjean.psychcentral.net/2010/08/19/scriptural-behavior-therapy/</link>
		<comments>http://drjean.psychcentral.net/2010/08/19/scriptural-behavior-therapy/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 20 Aug 2010 01:12:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>drjean</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Scriptural Behavior Therapy]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[I am attempting to organize the principles of righteous, Godly behavior and practices that have at their basis what we know secularly as a cognitive-behavior type therapy.Â Â  In my endeavors I find, of course, that this is a huge undertaking and appears that I would be writing an complete modality for those of faith or [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I am attempting to organize the principles of righteous, Godly behavior and practices that have at their basis what we know secularly as a cognitive-behavior type therapy.Â Â  In my endeavors I find, of course, that this is a huge undertaking and appears that I would be writing an complete modality for those of faith or for those who counsel those whose faith is of upmost importance.</p>
<p>Mind you, these blog entries are roughly framed.Â  Hopefully, perhaps by the end of the year, I will have a complete set of verses from the Bible and comments showing how to utilize those verses in guiding someone on a good path for healing by changing the behavior through changing the thought process.</p>
<p>Another area someone wishing to do their own research on this can review is what the Bible says about the heart.Â  It&#8217;s quite obvious that God considers the heart to be the seat of our thoughts, desires, cares &#8212; your mind.Â  He says in Matthew 5:13,14,16 &#8230; Let your light so shine for where your treasure is, there your heart is also &#8230; and in John 14:1 Jesus says, Let not your heart be troubled, you believe in God, (you) believe also in Me.Â  There are an abundance of verses about the heart, and I will list all the references I can, eventually.</p>
<p>One of the verses I use as a &#8220;reason&#8221; for bothering with behavior therapy that involves the mind is that we are told to RENEW our mind: Ephesians 4:23 And be renewed in the spirit of your mind. Â  There are plenty of verses that refer to our minds also, and again I hope to provide the key references in the future.Â Â  One verse encourages us to &#8220;have the mind of Christ&#8221; and still another says we do have that &#8220;mind of Christ already.&#8221;Â  What power awaits into which we can tap!</p>
<p>Our negative feelings come from the thoughts that weigh us down. Those thoughts (that weigh us down) come from the words we hear or speak.Â  Those words produce the way we think, which produces feelings. If negative this can be a vicious downward cycle.Â Â  But the adverse is true also:Â  good feelings come from positive thoughts that lift us up&#8230;.</p>
<p>I heard a speaker recently say something to this effect:Â  Feelings can determine the decisions you make. The decisions determine the actions you take. The actions will determine the habits you create, and those habits will determine your character.Â  Your character determines your destination (meaning the root feeling result, like depression or content.)</p>
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		<title>Psychological principles in the Bible</title>
		<link>http://drjean.psychcentral.net/2010/08/06/psychological-principles-in-the-bible/</link>
		<comments>http://drjean.psychcentral.net/2010/08/06/psychological-principles-in-the-bible/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 07 Aug 2010 01:04:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>drjean</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Scriptural Behavior Therapy]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://drjean.psychcentral.net/2010/08/06/psychological-principles-in-the-bible/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Seeking the truth for yourself, and the truth about your relationship with the person you live with is a good thing&#8230;. You shall know the truth and the truth shall make you free.Â  (John 8:32 ) I am the way, the truth, and the life. (John 14:6) We can center ourselves by using Psalm 46:10 [...]]]></description>
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<p>Seeking the truth for yourself, and the truth about your relationship with the person you live with is a good thing&#8230;.</p>
<p><font size="3">You shall know the truth and the truth shall make you free.Â  (John 8:32</font> )</p>
<p><font size="3">I am the way, the truth, and the life. (John 14:6)</font></p>
<p>We can center ourselves by using Psalm 46:10 Be still and know that I AM GOD.</p>
<p>I Kings 19:9-12 Shows us that God&#8217;s sound of silence&#8230; is where we can meet Him.</p>
<p>Philippians 2:5, &#8220;Let this mind be in you which is also in Christ Jesus.&#8221;Â  We are not alone in anything we go through here on earth.Â  Keep your thoughts on Christ and His love for you.</p>
<p>The teleological thinking of having a purpose in life comes from God. He has a purpose for each of us. There&#8217;s nothing that occurs to us that God cannot -or will not- get us through.</p>
<h1>God has  wonderful plansÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â  for your life</h1>
<p>My  child, listen to me and treasure my instructions. Tune your ears to  wisdom, and concentrate on understanding. Cry out for insight and  understanding. Search for them as you would for lost money or hidden  treasure. Then you will understand what it means to fear the Lord, and  you will gain knowledge of God. For the Lord grants wisdom! From his  mouth comes knowledge and understanding.  He grants a treasure of good  sense to the godly. He is their shield, protecting those who walk with  integrity.</p>
<p align="right"><em>Proverbs 2:1-7 NLT</em></p>
<p>To me, self esteem is not something we obtain through ourselves.Â  We cannot achieve it, and certainly it is the illusive butterfly if we seek after it.Â  It comes from allowing God to love us, completely and unconditionally.Â  When we look to God, adore Him, praise Him, thank Him &#8230; He showers us with His mercies and blessings and we sense our worth to Him.</p>
<p><font size="3">So then, we have intrinsic worth, God loves and cares for us.</font></p>
<p><font size="3">(Gen 1:26,27)</font><font size="3"><strong>.Â  </strong></font><font size="3">Man and woman were created with individuality, power and freedom to think and to act (Gen 1:26-28; Deut 30:19; Ps 8:6; Eph 2:10). </font></p>
<p><font size="3">We are not machines set in motion and left to function mechanistically.Â  Human beings were created different from animals (Gen 1:26-28; Ps 8:6-8; Matt 10:29-31), with the ability to communicate with God (Gen 3:8-13; 18:16-32; Ex 33:11; Matt 6:5-13; Acts 27:23-25).</font></p>
<p><font size="3">We were also created in God&#8217;s image, free, with an indivisible unity of body, mind, and spirit (Gen 1:26; 1 Thess 5:23; Rom 12:1,2; Matt 10:28; 1 Cor 7:24). We were created completely dependent upon God for life and breath and everything else (Gen 2:7; Acts 17:25,26,28).  Human beings were created to live in community as the body of Christ (Gen 1:26-28; Gen 2:18; 1 Cor 12).  Three aspects of humanityâ€“creation, fall, redemptionâ€“must be considered to achieve our complete personhood in Christ.</font></p>
<p><font size="3">For the Christian, all true identity comes from the person&#8217;s relationship with God (John 15:4-6).Â  Only in that relationship can we attain perfection through Christ (2 Cor 5:17; Eph 4:13; James 1:4). Without God, the self is incomplete.</font></p>
<p><font size="3">Without a knowledge of God and His Word, life on planet earth becomes purposeless, meaningless, and disheartening (John 12:46; 15:5-7).Â  With God there is purpose and meaning to life (John 8:12; 17:13;Rom 5:2; 8:28; 1 Pet 1:8).Â  Events are moving toward God&#8217;s climactic intervention to eliminate evil (2 Cor 4:17-18; 1 Cor 15:24-26,53,54; 2 Pet 3:7; Rev 21:3-5) and restore perfection (2 Pet 3:13,14; Rev 21:3-5).Â  Death is only a brief interlude between now and the resurrection (Eccl 9:5; Job 19:25-27; John 11:11-43; 1 Cor 15:42-44, 51-54; 1 Thess 4:15-17; Rev 20:6) when Christ comes to take His loved ones home (John 14:2-3).</font></p>
<p><font size="3">Trials and suffering can have purpose in the life of the Christian (1 Pet 4:12-16; James 1:2-4)â€“they lead us to know God better (Rom 8:17,28).Â  They are a part of the process of restoring God&#8217;s image in us (Job 5:17;23:10; 2 Cor 4:17,18). As part of God&#8217;s great plan for the redemption of this fallen world, our lives have purpose and meaning as we share God&#8217;s love with everyone in our sphere (Matt 28:18-20; Mark 16:15-18; Acts 1:7-8).</font></p>
<p><font size="3">God did not intend human beings to be victims of fate. Rather He intended them to master circumstances and make wise choices.</font>    <font size="3">(Gen 1:26,27).Â  </font></p>
<p><font size="3">God is also interested in the small parts of his human subjects. He knows infinite details about each personâ€“when they were conceived (Ps 22:9-11), the hairs on their head (Matt 10:30), their thoughts (Ps 139:2), and their architectural preference for a heavenly home (John 14:2,3)â€“more than any human can ever know.Â  But the details do not define the person. God&#8217;s redeeming grace brings about the transformation of the parts into the whole, a creature made in God&#8217;s image.</font></p>
<p><font size="3">God looks at the person as he is now, not as he was in the past (Acts 3:17-20; Rom 5:9; 1 Cor 12:27).Â </font></p>
<p><font size="3">God intervenes to help people in trouble</font></p>
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<p><font size="3">Thought blocking, countering negative thinking:</font></p>
<p><font size="3">As a man thinks in his heart, so is he</font>   Proverbs 23:7</p>
<p><font size="3">Philippians 4:8 &#8220;Finally, brethren, whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things are honest, whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things are pure, whatsoever things are of good report; ifÂ  there be any virtue, and if there be any praise, think on these things.</font></p>
<p>Past is past and you cannot do anything to change it: God forgets it, we should too. We all make mistakes.</p>
<p>Philippians 3:13: â€œ&#8230;this one thing I&#8217;ve learned to do, forgetting those which are behind and reaching for those things which are before, I press toward the mark for the prize of the high calling of God in Christ Jesus. â€œ</p>
<p>Christians may think that God thinks in â€œblack and whiteâ€ meaning either/or â€¦ but a closer look will show that while He does have His own â€œrulesâ€ by which He operates (I am the Lord thy God, I change not)  He allows us to be what we are: human.   Look at David for example.  Such a person who consistently made bad choices, yet he was a â€œMan after God&#8217;s own heart.â€  Why?  Because David always sought God and praised God for His mercies and love.</p>
<p>If we have anxiety, it&#8217;s because we lack faith.  A lack of faith is directly related to a lack of humility.  Humble yourself before God, rely upon Him and His promises, and walk with His guidance.</p>
<p><font size="3">&#8220;Placing all your care upon Him, for He cares for you.&#8221;</font></p>
<p>God tells us to&#8230; â€œBe anxious for nothing, but in everything give praise&#8230;â€</p>
<p>Don&#8217;t sweat the small stuff&#8230; it&#8217;s all small stuff.Â Â Â  Try to take the viewpoint of God&#8230;.  high above and looking down on us&#8230;. knowing the end of the story and how it becomes wonderful, knowing that we are in that story and it&#8217;s a Love Story from God.</p>
<p>God gave all those laws (In the OT) to show the people that there is no way they can be righteous without Him.  (No one could keep all the law.)   The difference between the two thieves on the cross?  One recognized that Christ is God and can change the outcome of any seemingly bad situation.  The other one failed to reach out to the Savior, and died in his sin the miserable death.</p>
<p>God says that He won&#8217;t give us anything that is too much for us, without giving us a &#8220;way out&#8221; that is acceptable to Him. You aren&#8217;t in it alone, God is there.Â  Nothing is too great for Him to accomplish.</p>
<p>:hug:Â Â  This is a work in progress and will be edited and updated along the way. Thanks for your patience!</p>
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		<title>Our Prayers bring us into God&#8217;s presence</title>
		<link>http://drjean.psychcentral.net/2010/08/05/our-prayers-bring-us-into-gods-presence/</link>
		<comments>http://drjean.psychcentral.net/2010/08/05/our-prayers-bring-us-into-gods-presence/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 05 Aug 2010 14:06:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>drjean</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[General Musings]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[How can I make my prayers effective? I urge you, first of all, to pray for all people. As you make your requests, plead for God&#8217;s mercy upon them, and give thanks. Pray this way for kings and all others who are in authority, so that we can live in peace and quietness, in godliness [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h1></h1>
<p>How can I make my prayers effective?</p>
<p>I urge you, first of all, to pray for all  people. As you make your requests, plead for God&#8217;s mercy upon them, and  give thanks. Pray this way for kings and all others who are in  authority, so that we can live in peace and quietness, in godliness and  dignity.</p>
<p align="right"><em>1 Timothy 2:1-2 NLT</em></p>
<h2>Praying effectively</h2>
<p>Paul  urges Timothy to lift up requests, prayers, intercession, and  thanksgiving.</p>
<p>A <em>request</em> is a need, a deep desire for  something we don&#8217;t haveâ€”something only God can supply.</p>
<p>A <em>prayer</em>  is a word of praise and adoration. A more accurate translation of this  word from the original Greek might be to &#8220;worship in earnest.&#8221;</p>
<p><em>Intercession</em>  is praying on behalf of others. Our prayers should regularly reflect  this kind of selfless lifestyle.</p>
<p><em>Thanksgiving</em> involved  remembering those past prayers that have already been answered,  acknowledging that we not only trust God&#8217;s supremacy and involvement in  our life but also how his hand has moved and guided us in the past.</p>
<p>When  we pray effectively, we do more than communicate with Godâ€”we commune  with him. We become one in mind and spirit and purpose. Today, let the  focus of your prayer time be to connect with God in a very real and  personal way, not as a slave would petition his master, but as a son  would enjoy the company of a loving and gracious father.</p>
<p align="center"><font size="-1"><em>Adapted from a devotional by Frank  M. Martin in </em><a href="http://tracking.waterfrontmedia.com/nlsclick/t.aspx?k=4&amp;d=2010/08/05&amp;e=drjean@ymail.com&amp;utp=&amp;rd=http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/redirect?path=ASIN/0842371222%7Eamp%7Elink_code=as2%7Eamp%7Ecamp=1789%7Eamp%7Etag=agoramedia-20%7Eamp%7Ecreative=9325" rel="nofollow">Embracing Eternity</a> <em>(Tyndale  House) p 36</em></font></p>
<p>Content is derived from the Holy Bible, New  Living Translation and other publications of Tyndale Publishing House</p>
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<td>God&#8217;s Daily  Promises  &lt;godsdailypromises@newsletters.leftbehindprophecyclub.com&gt;Â <a href="http://help.yahoo.com/mail/ymail/ymail-01.html" title="This sender is DomainKeys verified"></a></td>
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		<title>Obama authorizes assassination of US Citizen, without trial</title>
		<link>http://drjean.psychcentral.net/2010/07/19/obama-authorizes-assassination-of-us-citizen-without-trial/</link>
		<comments>http://drjean.psychcentral.net/2010/07/19/obama-authorizes-assassination-of-us-citizen-without-trial/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 19 Jul 2010 21:19:50 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>drjean</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[General Musings]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://drjean.psychcentral.net/2010/07/19/obama-authorizes-assassination-of-us-citizen-without-trial/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[http://www.salon.com/news/opinion/glenn_greenwald/2010/04/07/assassinations http://open.salon.com/blog/behind_blue_eyes/2010/01/27/obamas_hit_list_us_citizens_marked_for_assassination It&#8217;s allowed under the new &#8220;Presidential Assassination Program&#8221; &#8230; Obama administrationâ€™s â€œpresidential assassination program,â€ whereby American citizens are targeted for killings far away from any battlefield, based exclusively on unchecked accusations by theÂ Executive Branch that theyâ€™re involved inÂ Terrorism. http://thewordwarrior.wordpress.com/2010/04/08/obama-authorized-assassination-of-us-citizen/ Sounds like a legitmate cause for impeachment of Mr Barrack Hussein Obama.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>http://www.salon.com/news/opinion/glenn_greenwald/2010/04/07/assassinations</p>
<p>http://open.salon.com/blog/behind_blue_eyes/2010/01/27/obamas_hit_list_us_citizens_marked_for_assassination</p>
<p>It&#8217;s allowed under the new &#8220;Presidential Assassination Program&#8221; &#8230; Obama administrationâ€™s â€œpresidential assassination program,â€ whereby <strong>American  citizens</strong> are targeted for killings far away from any  battlefield, based exclusively on unchecked accusations by theÂ Executive  Branch that theyâ€™re involved inÂ Terrorism.</p>
<p>http://thewordwarrior.wordpress.com/2010/04/08/obama-authorized-assassination-of-us-citizen/</p>
<p>Sounds like a legitmate cause for impeachment of Mr Barrack Hussein Obama.</p>
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		<title>Religion, Spirituality, and Mental Health</title>
		<link>http://drjean.psychcentral.net/2010/06/16/religion-spirituality-and-mental-health/</link>
		<comments>http://drjean.psychcentral.net/2010/06/16/religion-spirituality-and-mental-health/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 16 Jun 2010 14:16:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>drjean</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Resources]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Religion, Spirituality, and Mental Health Theoretical and Clinical Perspectives &#160; By Simon Dein, FRCPsych, PhD &#124; January 10, 2010 &#160; Dr Dein is senior lecturer of anthropology and medicine at University College London, School of Life and Medical Sciences, Division of Population Health. He reports no conflicts of interest concerning the subject matter of this [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h1> 		Religion, Spirituality, and Mental Health</h1>
<h2> 			<em>Theoretical and Clinical Perspectives</em></h2>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>      	By Simon Dein, FRCPsych, PhD | 	    	January 10, 2010</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p> 	Dr Dein is senior lecturer of anthropology and medicine at University  College London, School of Life and Medical Sciences, Division of  Population Health. He reports no conflicts of interest concerning the  subject matter of this article.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
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<p><img src="http://www.psychiatrictimes.com/image/image_gallery?img_id=1508344&amp;t=1262900136517" vspace="10" align="left" hspace="10" />Until the early 19th  century, psychiatry and religion were closely connected. Religious  institutions were responsible for the care of the mentally ill. A major  change occurred when Charcot<sup>1</sup> and his pupil Freud<sup>2</sup>  associated religion with hysteria and neurosis. This created a divide  between religion and mental health care, which has continued until  recently. Psychiatry has a long tradition of dismissing and attacking  religious experience. Religion has often been seen by mental health  professionals in Western societies as irrational, outdated, and  dependency forming and has been viewed to result in emotional  instability.<sup>3</sup></p>
<p>In 1980, Albert Ellis,<sup>4</sup> the  founder of rational emotive therapy, wrote in the <em>Journal of  Consulting and Clinical Psychology </em>that there was an irrefutable  causal relationship between religion and emotional and mental illness.  According to Canadian psychiatrist Wendall Watters, â€œChristian doctrine  and liturgy have been shown to discourage the development of adult  coping behaviors and the human to human relationship skills that enable  people to cope in an adaptive way with the anxiety caused by stress.â€<sup>5(p148)</sup>  At its most extreme, all religious experience has been labeled as  psychosis.<sup>6</sup></p>
<p>Psychiatrists are generally less religious  than their patients and, therefore, they have not valued the role of  religious factors in helping patients cope with their illnesses.<sup>7</sup>  It is only in the past few years that attitudes toward religion have  changed among mental health professionals. In 1994, â€œreligious or  spiritual problemsâ€ was introduced in <em>DSM-IV</em> as a new  diagnostic category that invited professionals to respect the patientâ€™s  beliefs and rituals. Recently, there has been a burgeoning of systematic  research into religion, spirituality, and mental health. A literature  search before 2000 identified 724 quantitative studies, and since that  time, research in this area has increased dramatically.<sup>8</sup> The  evidence suggests that, on balance, religious involvement is generally  conducive to better mental health. In addition, patients with  psychiatric disorders frequently use religion to cope with their  distress.<sup>9,10</sup></p>
<p><img src="http://www.psychiatrictimes.com/image/image_gallery?img_id=1508334&amp;t=1262899426535" vspace="10" align="right" hspace="10" />In recent studies, at least 50%  of psychiatrists interviewed endorse the view that it is appropriate to  inquire about their patientsâ€™ religious lives.<sup>11-13</sup> That  patientsâ€™ religious concerns have been taken seriously is evidenced by  the fact that the American Psychiatric Association has issued practice  guidelines regarding conflicts between psychiatristsâ€™ personal religious  beliefs and psychiatric practice. The Accreditation Council for  Graduate Medical Education includes in its psychiatric training  requirement, didactic and clinical instruction on religion and  spirituality in psychiatric care.</p>
<p><strong>Religion and depression</strong></p>
<p>Studies among adults reveal fairly consistent relationships between  levels of religiosity and depressive disorders that are significant and  inverse.<sup>8,14</sup> Religious factors become more potent as life  stress increases.<sup>15</sup> Koenig and colleagues8 highlight the fact  that before 2000, more than 100 quantitative studies examined the  relationships between religion and depression. Of 93 observational  studies, two-thirds found lower rates of depressive disorder with fewer  depressive symptoms in persons who were more religious. In 34 studies  that did not find a similar relationship, only 4 found that being  religious was associated with more depression. Of 22 longitudinal  studies, 15 found that greater religiousness predicted mild symptoms and  faster remission at follow-up.</p>
<p>Smith and colleagues<sup>14</sup>  conducted a meta-analysis of 147 studies that involved nearly 100,000  subjects. The average inverse correlation between religious involvement  and depression was 20.1, which increased to 0.15 in stressed  populations. Religion has been found to enhance remission in patients  with medical and psychiatric disease who have established depression.<sup>16,17  </sup>The vast majority of these studies have focused on Christianity;  there is a lack of research on other religious groups. Some research  indicates an increased prevalence of depression among Jews.<sup>18</sup></p>
<p>Depression is important to treat not just because of the emotional  distress but also because of the increased risk of suicide. In a  systematic review that examined 68 studies, researchers looked for a  relationship between religion and suicide.<sup>8</sup> Among these, 57  studies reported fewer suicides or more negative attitudes toward  suicide among the more religious. In a recent Canadian cross-sectional  study, religious attendance was associated with decreased suicide  attempts in the general population and in those with a mental illness,  independent of the effects of social supports.<sup>19 </sup>Religious  teachings may prevent suicide, but social support, comfort, and meaning  derived from religious belief also are important.</p>
<p>More recent  studies indicate that the relationship between religion and depression  may be more complex than previously shown. All religious beliefs and  variables are not necessarily related to better mental health. Factors  such as denomination, race, sex, and types of religious coping may  affect the relationship between religion or spirituality and depression.<sup>20,21</sup>  Negative religious coping (being angry with God, feeling let down),  endorsing negative support from the religious community, and loss of  faith correlate with higher depression scores.<sup>22</sup> As Pargament  and colleagues<sup>23(p521)</sup> state, â€œIt is not enough to know that  the individual prays, attends church, or watches religious television.  Measures of religious coping should specify how the individual is making  use of religion to understand and deal with stressors.â€</p>
<p>Very few  studies have specifically addressed the relationship between  spirituality and depression. In some instances, spirituality (as opposed  to religion) might be associated with higher rates of depression.<sup>24</sup>  On the other hand, there is a substantial negative association between  spirituality and the prevalence of depressive illness, particularly in  patients with cancer.<sup>25,26</sup></p>
<p><strong>Anxiety,  religion, and spirituality</strong></p>
<p>Given the ubiquity of  anxiety and religion, it is surprising how little research has been done  with respect to the relationship between the two. The investigation of  religious and spiritual issues in anxiety lags behind research on mental  disorders such as depression and psychosis. Religious beliefs,  practices, and coping may increase the prevalence of anxiety through the  induction of guilt and fear. On the other hand, religious beliefs may  provide solace to those who are fearful and anxious. Studies on anxiety  and religion have yielded mixed and often contradictory results that may  be attributed to a lack of standardized measures, poor sampling  procedures, failure to control for threats to validity, limited  assessment of anxiety, experimenter bias, and poor operationalization of  religious constructs.<sup>27</sup></p>
<p>Some studies have examined  the relationships between religiosity and specific anxiety disorders  such as obsessive-compulsive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder  (PTSD). Contrary to the views of Freud,<sup>28</sup> who saw religion as  a form of universal obsessional neurosis, the empirical evidence  suggests that religion is associated with higher levels of obsessional  personality traits but not with higher levels of obsessional symptoms.  Religion may encourage people to be scrupulous, but not to an  obsessional extent.<sup>29,30</sup> Although religion has been found to  positively affect the ability to cope with trauma and may deepen oneâ€™s  religious experience, others have found that religion has little or  negative effect on symptoms of PTSD.<sup>31</sup></p>
<p>The  relationships between generalized anxiety and religious involvement  appear to be complex. In a comprehensive review of the relationship  between religion and generalized anxiety in 7 clinical trials and 69  observational studies, Koenig and colleagues<sup>8</sup> found that half  of these studies demonstrated lower levels of anxiety among more  religious people, 17 studies reported no association, 7 reported mixed  results, and 10 suggested increased anxiety among the more religious.</p>
<p>A personâ€™s strong religious beliefs may facilitate coping with  existential issues whereas those who hold weaker beliefs or question  their beliefs may demonstrate heightened anxiety.<sup>32</sup> These  contradictory findings may be accounted for by the fact that researchers  have used diverse measures of religiosity. Other studies have focused  on death anxiety. Research conducted in the United States and abroad  points to denominational differences as well as to differential effects  of religion and spirituality and emphasizes the complex relationships  between religious and cultural factors.<sup>33</sup> Studies on anxiety  and religion to date have emphasized cognitive aspects of anxiety as  opposed to the physiological aspects. Future studies should include  physiological parameters.</p>
<p>A number of pathways have been  discussed in the literature through which religion/spirituality  influence depression/anxiety: increased social support; less drug abuse;  and the importance of positive emotions, such as altruism, gratitude,  and forgiveness in the lives of those who are religious. In addition,  religion promotes a positive worldview, answers some of the why  questions, promotes meaning, can discourage maladaptive coping, and  promotes other-directedness.</p>
<p><strong>Religion and coping in  schizophrenia</strong></p>
<p>Research in schizophrenia and religion has  predominantly examined religious delusions and hallucinations with  religious content. Recently, however, religion as a coping strategy and  factor in recovery has been the subject of growing interest.<sup>34</sup>  Religious delusions have been associated with poorer outcomes, poorer  adherence to treatment, and a more severe course of illness.<sup>35</sup></p>
<p>A number of studies suggest that religious beliefs and practices can  be a central feature in the recovery process and reconstruction of a  functional sense of self in psychosis.<sup>36</sup> On the other hand,  Mohr and colleagues<sup>37</sup> found that although religion instilled  hope, purpose, and meaning in the lives of some persons with psychosis,  for others, it induced spiritual despair. Patients also reported that  religion lessened psychotic symptoms and the risk of suicide attempts,  substance use, nonadherence to treatment, and social isolation.</p>
<p><strong>Substance  abuse</strong></p>
<p>Given that most religions actively discourage the  use of substances that adversely affect the body and mind, it is  unsurprising that studies generally indicate strongly negative  associations between substance abuse and religious involvement. In a  review of 134 studies that examined the relationships between religious  involvement and substance abuse, 90% found less substance abuse among  the more religious.<sup>8</sup> These findings are corroborated by more  recent national surveys and studies in alcohol and drug use in African  Americans, Hispanic Americans, and Native Americans that similarly  indicate negative associations between religious involvement and  substance abuse.<sup>38-41</sup></p>
<p><strong>The  negative effects of religious involvement</strong></p>
<p>Negative  psychological effects of religious involvement include excessive  devotion to religious practice that can result in a family breakup.  Differences in the level of religiosity between spouses can result in  marital disharmony. Religion can promote rigid thinking, overdependence  on laws and rules, an emphasis on guilt and sin, and disregard for  personal individuality and autonomy. Excessive reliance on ritual and  prayer may delay seeking psychiatric help and consequently worsen  prognosis. At its most extreme, strict adherence to the ideology of a  movement may precipitate suicide.</p>
<p><strong>Clinical implications</strong></p>
<p>Religious issues are important in the assessment and treatment of  patients, and therefore clinicians need to be open to the effect of  religion on their patientsâ€™mental health. It is, however, important that  clinicians do not overstep boundaries.</p>
<p>How then can clinicians  enter into their patientsâ€™ spiritual lives? Blass<sup>42</sup> and  Lawrence and Duggal<sup>43</sup> have emphasized the importance of  teaching on spirituality in the psychiatric curriculum, with residents  learning about the principles of spiritual assessment. There are a  number of protocols about how to ask about spirituality, such as the  HOPE questionnaire <strong>(<a href="http://www.psychiatrictimes.com/image/image_gallery?img_id=1508329&amp;t=1262899368693" rel="nofollow">Sidebar</a>)</strong>.<sup>44</sup></p>
<p><a href="http://www.psychiatrictimes.com/image/image_gallery?img_id=1508329&amp;t=1262899368693" rel="nofollow" title="Click to Enlarge"><img src="http://www.psychiatrictimes.com/image/image_gallery?img_id=1508329&amp;t=1262899368693" vspace="10" align="right" hspace="10" /></a>After taking a detailed  spiritual history, health professionals need to help patients clarify  how their religious beliefs and practices influence the course of  illness, rather than giving advice about religion. Whatever his or her  religious background, the professionalâ€™s moral stance should be neutral,  with no attempt to manipulate the patientâ€™s beliefs. Clinicians must be  aware of how their own religious beliefs affect the therapy process.<sup>45</sup>  Direct religious intervention, such as the use of prayer, remains  controversial.<sup>46</sup></p>
<p>A secular therapist who does not  share the religious beliefs of the patient can still be effective as  long as he is alert to the need for sensitivity to religious issues and  the need to become educated about the religionâ€™s beliefs and practices.  At times, patientsâ€™ religious views may conflict with  medical/psychotherapeutic treatment, and therapists must endeavor to  understand the patientâ€™s worldview and, if necessary, consult with  clergy. It might be appropriate to involve members of the religious  community to provide support and to facilitate rehabilitation.</p>
<p>Religion  or spirituality may have therapeutic implications for mental health.  Randomized trials indicate that religious interventions among religious  patients enhance recovery from anxiety and depression.<sup>47,48</sup>  Psychoeducational groups that focus on spirituality can lead to greater  understanding of problems, feelings, and spiritual aspects of life.<sup>49</sup></p>
<p><strong>A focus for future research</strong></p>
<p>In addition to  broadening the current research focus on the effects of Christian  beliefs on mental health, there are a number of other issues that  warrant empirical scrutiny:
</p>
<p>â€¢ The  relationships between anxiety/depression and specific types of religious  coping</p>
<p>â€¢ The relationships between  psychosis and normative religious experiences</p>
<p>â€¢ The development of novel religious therapies and assessment of  their effectiveness</p>
<p>â€¢ The ethics of  clinician involvement in religious matters</p>
<p>â€¢ How collaboration between clinicians and clergy can be  facilitated</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
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		<title>New Study&#8230;your choice of churches ;)</title>
		<link>http://drjean.psychcentral.net/2010/06/16/new-studyyour-choice-of-churches/</link>
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		<pubDate>Wed, 16 Jun 2010 14:12:38 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>drjean</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[Religion and Mental Health: Going to Church Is Good for You Print this ShareThis 5/14/2010 by James C. Patterson II, MD, PhD As a kid, did you ever ask your parents why you had to eat your green beans? If so, they probably said, â€œBecause theyâ€™re good for you!â€ You couldnâ€™t see the benefits of [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h1>Religion and Mental Health: Going to Church Is Good for You</h1>
<p> 		<a href="http://www.reasons.org/religion-and-mental-health-going-church-good-you#">Print this</a> 		<a href="void(0)" title="ShareThis via email, AIM, social bookmarking and networking  sites, etc.">ShareThis</a></p>
<p><em>5/14/2010<br />
by <a href="http://www.reasons.org/religion-and-mental-health-going-church-good-you#patterson">James  C. Patterson II, MD, PhD</a> </em></p>
<p>As a kid, did you ever ask your parents why you had to eat your green  beans? If so, they probably said, â€œBecause theyâ€™re good for you!â€ You  couldnâ€™t see the benefits of eating those bland beans, but still you ate  them because Mom and Dad said so. Besides, they sat there watching you.</p>
<p>Like kids facing a plateful of vegetables, some adults may ask, â€œWhy  should I go to church?â€ Honoring, worshipping, and glorifying God and  supporting the body of Christ are a few reasons. But hereâ€™s one more  that you probably didnâ€™t think of: â€œBecause itâ€™s good for you!â€</p>
<p>Thatâ€™s rightâ€”going to church is good for your health, mental health  to be precise.</p>
<p>The relationship of religion to good mental health may not surprise  some people. (As a psychiatrist, it makes perfect sense to me because  our mind and soul live in very close approximation to each other.)  However, what may come as a surprise is the fact that this area of  research (the intersection of religion and mental health) is actively  growing. In the past decade more research has been done on the interface  between the soul and the psyche than ever before. The vast majority of  the results show that religious involvement has a <em>positive</em>  impact on mental health.</p>
<p>For example, last year <a href="http://jah.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/21/6/803">two  psychologists, Rita W. Law and David A. Sbarra, published a study</a>  looking at the rates of mood disorders in a large population of people  (n=791).<sup>1</sup> They looked at the rates of mood disorders in an  elderly population (mean age =75.6 initially) over eight years in  relation to the rates of church attendance. This study was designed to  examine the relationship between church attendance, marital status,  gender, and the occurrence of depressed mood among the elderly.</p>
<p>Religious affiliations were reported as follows:</p>
<ul>
<li>29.6%Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â  Anglican</li>
<li>27.9%Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â  United Church of Christ</li>
<li>17.4% Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â  Other (but 96% of these were of a Protestant or  Catholic denomination)</li>
<li>12.4 %Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â  Catholic</li>
<li>11.3% Â Â Â Â Â Â  Â  Â Â  None</li>
<li>1.3%Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â  Â Â  Orthodox</li>
</ul>
<p>To establish the degree of church attendance, the researchers posed  the question, â€œHow often have you attended religious services or  meetings?â€ Participants chose one of four response options: never, about  once a month, about once a fortnight, and once a week or more. The  researchers found that about 42% were non-goers, 25% were consistent  goers, 13% were inconsistent goers, and 21% didnâ€™t provide complete  information.</p>
<p>Depressed mood was measured with the <a href="http://apm.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/1/3/385">Center for  Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale</a>.<sup>2</sup> Higher  CES-D scores (max score of 60) indicate more depressive symptoms. Law  and Sbarra found that the percentage of folks with scores of 16 or  higher increased from 8.9% initially to 16.1% at the last point in the  study. The study used multilevel modeling to assess this change.</p>
<p>Physical health and social support both influence depression, and so  both were statistically corrected for in the analyses. Despite these  corrections, church attendance predicted the level of depressed mood at  study entry. Those who went to church consistently during the five years  of the study were estimated to have a lower starting level of depressed  mood than those who went to church inconsistently during the same  period. Surprisingly, and contrary to predictions, those who never  attended church reported lower levels of depressed mood initially.  However, this same group showed a more rapid rate of increase in  depressed mood than the other groups. Therefore, not going to church  seemed to be related to higher risk for faster increase in depression in  older age.</p>
<p>In summary, in the older adult population studied, attending church  on a regular basis helped protect against the appearance of depression.  Additionally, Law and Sbarra found that getting married related to  decreased depression, and getting divorced or widowed related to  increased depression. These findings are consistent with other studies.</p>
<p>Law and Sbarra make the argument that regular church attendance is  related to less depressed mood because it is a â€œshared spiritual  activityâ€ and it provides more meaning and purpose in life than other  non-spiritual social activities. It is important to empirically  demonstrate the benefits of church attendance because evidenced-based  medicine depends upon science to guide what doctors recommend to mental  health patients in terms of prevention and treatment.</p>
<p>Law and Sbarraâ€™s study is also highly consistent with what results  from previous studies. A meta-analysis involving 147 independent  projects, with a total of 98,975 subjects, evaluated data from the  earlier research. This enormous overview of research on religion and  mood demonstrated that going to church is good for you. <a href="http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/bul/129/4/614/">Specifically, it  correlates to less depression</a>.<sup>3</sup></p>
<p>Isolation and withdrawal exemplify hallmark features of  depressionâ€”those suffering from it often prefer to spend time by  themselves. While some â€œalone timeâ€ is acceptable, too much can be a  sign of trouble. God designed us for relationships. He wants us to have  an active relationship with Him, and he wants us to stay in relationship  with other members of the body of Christ. Being involved in a church  not only encourages us to interact with fellow believers, the latest  scientific research shows it can help lower rates of depression.</p>
<p>So remember, always eat your green beans and stay active in  churchâ€”itâ€™s good for you!</p>
<p><strong>Endnotes:</strong><br />
1. Rita W. Law and David A. Sbarra, â€œThe Effects of Church Attendance  and Marital Status on the Longitudinal Trajectories of Depressed Mood  among Older Adultsâ€, <em>Journal of Aging and Health</em> 21, no. 6  (September 2009): 803â€“23.<br />
2. Lenore Sawyer Radloff, â€œThe CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression  Scale for Research in the General Population,â€ <em>Applied Psychological  Measurement</em> 1, no. 3 (June 1, 1977): 385â€“401.<br />
3. Timothy B. Smith, Michael E. McCullough, and Justin Poll,  â€œReligiousness and Depression: Evidence for a Main Effect and the  Moderating Influence of Stressful Life Events,â€ <em>Psychological  Bulletin</em> 129 (July 2003): 614â€“36.</p>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 03 Jun 2010 02:45:30 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>drjean</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[General Musings]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Truth vs Fact May 28th, 2010 Did you know? Thereâ€™s a difference between truth and fact. Beyond the â€œlegalâ€ definitions, and those one might find in a dictionary, the main difference is easy to understand. Fact might be for the present time only. Truth tends to be eternal. Iâ€™ll give you an example, and let [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h2><a href="http://drjean.psychcentral.net/2010/05/28/truth-vs-fact/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Truth vs Fact">Truth vs Fact</a></h2>
<p>May 28th, 2010 <!-- by drjean --></p>
<p>Did you know?</p>
<p>Thereâ€™s a difference between truth and fact.</p>
<p>Beyond the â€œlegalâ€ definitions, and those one might find in a     dictionary, the main difference is easy to understand.</p>
<p>Fact might be for the present time only. Truth tends to be eternal.</p>
<p>Iâ€™ll give you an example, and let you continue to muse on your own.</p>
<p>What you see before you has the shape of a table.Â  Itâ€™s a fact that     itâ€™s a table.Â  But the truth is, itâ€™s wood and was a tree, and will     eventually no longer be a table.</p>
<p>We can view our own lives that way as well.Â  What we are today â€“or     even where we are todayâ€“ whether in a good place or not, is a fact.Â      But the truth of the matter remains that we are not what we will be,     maybe even tomorrow.Â  The truth is we are human beings, eternal.Â  The     facts are that we are changing all the time, and donâ€™t have to stay  the    way we are presently.</p>
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		<title>Truth vs Fact</title>
		<link>http://drjean.psychcentral.net/2010/05/28/truth-vs-fact/</link>
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		<pubDate>Fri, 28 May 2010 16:49:19 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>drjean</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[General Musings]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://drjean.psychcentral.net/2010/05/28/truth-vs-fact/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Did you know? There&#8217;s a difference between truth and fact. Beyond the &#8220;legal&#8221; definitions, and those one might find in a dictionary, the main difference is easy to understand. Fact might be for the present time only. Truth tends to be eternal. I&#8217;ll give you an example, and let you continue to muse on your [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Did you know?</p>
<p>There&#8217;s a difference between truth and fact.</p>
<p>Beyond the &#8220;legal&#8221; definitions, and those one might find in a    dictionary, the main difference is easy to understand.</p>
<p>Fact might be for the present time only. Truth tends to be eternal.</p>
<p>I&#8217;ll give you an example, and let you continue to muse on your own.</p>
<p>What you see before you has the shape of a table.Â  It&#8217;s a fact that    it&#8217;s a table.Â  But the truth is, it&#8217;s wood and was a tree, and will    eventually no longer be a table.</p>
<p>We can view our own lives that way as well.Â  What we are today &#8211;or    even where we are today&#8211; whether in a good place or not, is a fact.Â     But the truth of the matter remains that we are not what we will be,    maybe even tomorrow.Â  The truth is we are human beings, eternal.Â  The    facts are that we are changing all the time, and don&#8217;t have to stay the    way we are presently.</p>
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		<title>How God holds you together</title>
		<link>http://drjean.psychcentral.net/2010/05/18/how-god-holds-you-together/</link>
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		<pubDate>Wed, 19 May 2010 00:34:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>drjean</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[The more scientists discover, the more God the Great Designer and His signature are evidenced.Â  The science itself disputes evolution.Â  Darwin himself said that if ever there was found any one element that could not evolve but had to be complete all at once for the chain of life, then his ideas are null and [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The more scientists discover, the more God the Great Designer and His signature are evidenced.Â  The science itself disputes evolution.Â  Darwin himself said that if ever there was found any one element that could not evolve but had to be complete all at once for the chain of life, then his ideas are null and void. (My wording.)Â  Of course, we have &#8220;recently&#8221; found a protein in hemoglobin that does very that.</p>
<p>In more recent years a protein molecule called &#8220;laminin&#8221; has been discovered. Scientists call LamininÂ  the &#8220;glue&#8221; that holds us together.</p>
<p>For Christians, this will stir your hearts and prove that a Creator surely did instill His Love in us &#8230; and how He also sustains us. Â  Want to see laminin? It&#8217;s a cell-adhesion molecule that tells a cell what it&#8217;s job is in the body.</p>
<p>You are awesomely and wonderfully made!Â <img src="http://i718.photobucket.com/albums/ww190/FreshHope_photos/laminin1-1.jpg" alt="Laminin, the Cross holds us together!" width="359" height="481" /></p>
<p>God loves you.Â  Believe in Jesus Christ and find God&#8217;s Love.Â  God will always hold you together.</p>
<p><img src="http://i718.photobucket.com/albums/ww190/FreshHope_photos/laminin.jpg" width="219" height="444" /> Psalm 33:1-15, 18,19 The Lord looketh from heaven; He beholdeth all the sons of men. From the place of his habitation he looketh upon all the inhabitants of the earth. He fashioneth their hearts alike; he considereth all their works.Â Â  Behold the eye of the lord is upon them that fear him, upon them that hope in his mercy.Â  To deliver their soul from death, and to keep them alive in famine.</p>
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